Maintaining biodiversity promotes the multifunctionality of social-ecological systems: holistic modelling of a mountain system

Monitoring the provision of multiple ecosystem services (ES) in social-ecological systems is a major challenge. Most tools usually tackle problem by modelling individual ES, but do not perform holistic analysis dynamic and integrated system. We developed discrete-event model (DORIAN) explored its potential for assessing biodiversity multifunctionality mountain ski resort subjected to changing climate. represented this system as network comprising 16 binary components 51 processes that define component interactions. identified 22 economy- ecology-related depending on presence/absence components. simulated six scenarios representing different economic, environmental climatic situations calculated score (the sum proxies or ES), corresponding level multifunctionality. Results showed climate change reduced system’s increased number degraded states, well trajectories from healthy states. With increasing levels biodiversity, only ES were boosted at low levels, while both high ecology- economy-related maintained levels. This result demonstrates importance conserving social ecological system, an optimal “biodiversity – multifunctionality” win-win strategy.